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The Gonzaga Cameo is a Hellenistic engraved gem; a cameo of the ''capita jugata'' variety cut out from the three layers of an Indian sardonyx, dating from perhaps the 3rd Century BC.〔(Gonzaga Cameo history )〕 It was a centrepiece of the Gonzaga collection of antiquities, first described in a 1542 inventory of Isabella d'Este's collection as representing Augustus and Livia.〔 The figures were later identified as Alexander the Great and Olympias, Germanicus and Agrippina the Elder, Nero and Agrippina the Younger, and many other famous couples of antiquity.〔 The male figure on the cameo is clad in the attributes of Alexander, including a laurel-wreathed helmet, and wears a ''gorgoneion''. His other aegis represents a bearded head, probably that of Zeus Ammon.〔 The man's laurel wreath is crowned by a snake which suggests the uraeus. The contrasting male and female profiles were in all probability intended to suggest Zeus and Hera.〔(Portraits of Ptolemy II and Arsinoe II ). The Hermitage Museum. Retrieved on 2009-05-15.〕 The brown necklace is a later addition masking the fact that the cameo was, at some point, broken in half. == Owners == Young Peter Paul Rubens, then in the employ of the Mantuan Duke, admired the Gonzaga cameo as the finest in existence.〔(Сто великих сокровищ // Камея Гонзага (Н. А. Ионина) )〕 During the War of the Mantuan Succession it was carried off by the imperial troops to Vienna and was preserved in the Prague Castle treasury through the Thirty Years' War.〔(Птолемей II и Арсиноя (Камея Гонзага). )〕 At the end of the conflict the Swedes marched into Prague and looted the imperial treasury. Several years later the cameo resurfaced in the collection of Queen Christina of Sweden. There is little record of its subsequent history. It is assumed that the Queen took it with her to Italy, bequeathing it to her favourite, Cardinal Decio Azzolini. It was subsequently acquired, with the rest of Christina's art collection, by Livio Odescalchi, Duke of Bracciano and nephew of Innocent XI.〔(Ancient Rome ) website.〕 In 1794 the cameo was part of Pius VI's collection in Vatican. The invading French took it with them to Paris where it entered the collection of Napoleon and Empress Joséphine. After Napoleon's downfall, Alexander I of Russia paid a visit to the Château de Malmaison and offered Joséphine every assistance in his power. As a sign of gratitude she presented the cameo to the Tsar.〔Scarisbrick, Diana. ''(Life at Malmaison )''. // ''Apollo'', 5th Nov 2007.〕 Ever since then, the so-called Malmaison cameo has been kept in the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg. In Vienna there is a rival Hellenistic cameo, of lesser quality,〔Karl Gotfried Müller. ''Ancient Art and Its Remains''. London, 1852. Page 136.〕〔Johann Georg Heck. ''Iconographic Encyclopædia of Science, Literature, and Art''. New York City, 1851. Page 24.〕 which the Habsburgs also described as the "Gonzaga cameo", probably on assumption that it had not been stolen by the Swedes in 1648. This results in considerable confusion between the two. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gonzaga Cameo」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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